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洋蔥的種植方法，洋蔥的栽培品種

來(lái)源:鮮淘網(wǎng) 2019-06-27 14:56:08      水果之家果果 手機(jī)版

　　洋蔥別稱球蔥、圓蔥、玉蔥等，為百合科蔥屬二年生草本植物，不同球形與早晚熟性有關(guān)，一般球形越扁熟性越早，品種不同產(chǎn)量有較大差異，熟性早的扁平品種一般畝產(chǎn)4500～5500千克，中晚熟品種一般畝產(chǎn)5000～5500千克，下面我們就一起來(lái)看一看洋蔥的種植方法吧!

　　洋蔥的種植方法

　　洋蔥的栽培品種

洋蔥的種植方法，洋蔥的栽培品種

　　1、紅皮洋蔥：蔥頭外表紫紅色，鱗片肉質(zhì)稍帶紅色，扁球形或圓球形，直徑8～10厘米。耐貯藏、運(yùn)輸，休眠期較短，萌芽較早，表現(xiàn)為早熟至中熟，5月下旬至6月上旬收獲。華東各地普遍栽培。代表品種有上海紅皮等。

　　2、黃皮洋蔥：蔥頭黃銅色至淡黃色，鱗片肉質(zhì)，微黃而柔軟，辣味較濃。扁圓形，直徑6～8厘米。較耐貯存、運(yùn)輸，早熟至中熟。產(chǎn)量比紅皮種低，但品質(zhì)較好，可作脫水加工用。代表品種有連云港84-1、DK黃、OP黃、大寶、萊選13等。

　　3、白皮洋蔥：蔥頭白色，鱗片肉質(zhì)，白色，扁圓球形，有的則為高圓形和紡錘形，直徑5～6厘米。品質(zhì)優(yōu)良，適于作脫水加工的原料或罐頭食品的配料。但產(chǎn)量較低，抗病較弱。在長(zhǎng)江流域秋播過(guò)早，容易先期抽薹。代表品種有哈密白皮等。

　　洋蔥的種植條件

洋蔥的種植方法，洋蔥的栽培品種

　　1、溫度：洋蔥對(duì)溫度的適應(yīng)性較強(qiáng)，種子和鱗莖在3～5℃下可緩慢發(fā)芽，幼苗生長(zhǎng)適溫為12～20℃，健壯幼苗可耐～6～7℃的低溫，鱗莖膨大需較高的溫度，但溫度過(guò)高就會(huì)生長(zhǎng)衰退，進(jìn)入休眠。

　　2、光照：洋蔥屬長(zhǎng)日照作物，在鱗莖膨大期和抽薹開(kāi)花期需要14小時(shí)以上的長(zhǎng)日照條件才能正常生長(zhǎng)，在高溫短日照條件下會(huì)出現(xiàn)只長(zhǎng)葉不能形成蔥頭的情況，適宜的光照強(qiáng)度為2～4萬(wàn)勒克斯。

　　3、水分：洋蔥在發(fā)芽期、幼苗生長(zhǎng)盛期和鱗莖膨大期應(yīng)供給充足的水分。但在幼苗期和越冬前要控制水分，防止幼苗徒長(zhǎng)，遭受凍害。耐旱，適于60～70%的濕度，空氣濕度過(guò)高易發(fā)生病害。

　　4、土壤：洋蔥對(duì)土壤的適應(yīng)性較強(qiáng)，以肥沃疏松、通氣性好的中性壤土為宜，沙質(zhì)壤土易獲高產(chǎn)，但粘壤土鱗莖充實(shí)，色澤好，耐貯藏。洋蔥根系的吸肥能力較弱，要高產(chǎn)需要充足的營(yíng)養(yǎng)條件。

　　洋蔥的育苗技術(shù)

洋蔥的種植方法，洋蔥的栽培品種

　　1、播種時(shí)間：洋蔥選擇適宜播種期是培育壯苗的關(guān)鍵，播種過(guò)早苗大，越冬后容易抽苔，晚播苗弱小，抗寒能力差且磷莖小、產(chǎn)量低。以黃淮流域?yàn)槔罴巡テ跒?月上中旬。

　　2、播種數(shù)量：洋蔥正常情況下每畝的育苗床播種量為4～5公斤，考慮到要淘汰和間疏20%的弱苗和劣苗，其栽培面積應(yīng)為播種苗床的15倍，發(fā)芽率低于70%則應(yīng)酌情增加播種量。

　　3、作畦施肥：畦高1.4～1.5米，畦寬27厘米，畦面整平后每畝過(guò)磷鈣15公斤，腐熟好的有機(jī)土雜肥每畝4方作基肥，出苗后結(jié)合澆水撒施速效氮肥，每畝施尿素10公斤。

　　4、播種方法：畦面整平后，先澆水，再均勻撒播。后覆0.8厘米營(yíng)養(yǎng)土，確保一播齊苗。播后如果墑情不能達(dá)到出苗要求，可用噴壺淋水，以促進(jìn)出苗，也可催芽后撒播。

　　5、出苗管理：洋蔥在出苗后要注意霉病和立枯病的防治。其方法為每畝用50%多菌靈或40%百菌清150克，對(duì)水30～40公斤均勻噴霧。

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